A Brief Note On Mrs. Lawson Boice Essay - 858 Words

CC Mrs. Lawson Boice is a 69-year-old female here today for a followup. HPI The patient was last seen in the office in February. Please see that note for complete details. She has several issues she would like to discuss today. She tells me that she has really been under a lot of stress of late. She had been caring for her sister, who has uterine cancer. In addition, her husband s brother recently died, and there have been issues regarding a property they co-owned. She sold her house in New York and is now renting a house here in Portsmouth. She feels all that she has been doing is moving and cleaning. She feels that she is a little bit settled, however and is hoping that she can get back to her normal regimen. She has not been walking as much as typical, and she would like to lose a couple of pounds and plans to get back into that, as well as her physical therapy exercises that she has been doing for her neuropathy. The patient has been diagnosed with bilateral peripheral neuropathy. She has been seeing Kishori Somyreddy, MD. Dr. Somyreddy recommended physical therapy, which she is not sure it helped with the neuropathy, but she does think it helps with her chronic back pain and she is feeling better from that standpoint. She has not been able to stick with the physical therapy exercises as much of late, but does plan on getting back to that now that she is settled and feeling less stress with all that she needs to do. Since the patient has a decided to

Frankenstein, By Mary Shelley - 902 Words

Mary Shelley’s life was constantly enveloped in tragedy and scandal, so it is no surprise that a despairing work of gothic science fiction would result form an ill-fated, tortured soul like Shelley. From the very beginning of her life, Shelley experienced great misfortune with the passing of her mother. Later on, three of her four children died in their infancy, and her husband drowned off the shore of Tuscany. It would not be hard to believe that it was this series of burdensome life events that acted as inspiration for Shelley’s melancholy novel. It is also no wonder that the heavy notion of â€Å"playing God† serves as a driving force for this book, after all, bringing her loved ones back to life was something that Shelley probably spent a great deal of time contemplating about. The novel most likely served as an outlet for those thoughts, helping her put things into perspective and not get beyond herself into a state of insanity. In the book’s introduc tion, we are presented with a quote by Shelley that describes a vision that inspired Frankenstein and her first image of what would eventually become Victor and the monster. â€Å"I saw-with shut eyes, but acute mental vision-I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life and stir with an uneasy, half-vital motion. Frightful must it be, for supremely frightful would be theShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1650 Words   |  7 Pagesbook of Frankenstein does one just think of a mythical science fiction book that really has no meaning? Frankenstein can have numerous meanings depending on how a person perceives it. Frankenstein can be analyzed into many themes; some say religion, feminism, or scientific symbolization, it all depends on ones own perception. When one analyzes further into Mary Shelly’s life and then interprets the novel it is obvious that is a sociological theme. One can simply assume that Mary Shelley creates FrankensteinRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley1093 W ords   |  4 Pagesfaster than man can contend with. That argument is the premises, moral, and plot base for Mary Shelleys tale Frankenstein. On the other hand, J. Michael Bishops, essay Enemies of Promise   on the other hand promotes and boast sciences achievements. However, Mary Shelley presents her point of view subtly yet very dramatically, which is much more effective than that of J. Michael Bishop. The dramatic story Shelley creates becomes a part of the reader, therefore holding the readers attention. ShelleysRead MoreMary Shelley Frankenstein859 Words   |  4 Pages Mary Shelley The Creature in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† needs a companionship as every ordinary human. Every man needs a woman, who will able to share moments of happiness and sadness, a woman who will be able to share thoughts and of course a woman who will be able to love a man. In this case the Creature needs a bride. But the problem is that the Creature from the â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† is not a human. SoRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1138 Words   |  5 PagesIs Frankenstein a man, whose ambition led to a disaster; or a monster, which created a life with disregard for the human race? Frankenstein, in my opinion, was the monster not the life that he had created. Frankenstein never admitted to his family what he had done, never admitted responsibility for his actions. He might as well have killed Elizabeth, William, Justine, and Clerval with his own hand. The so called â€Å"Monster† only wanted companionship; he did not want to murder those people. TheRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1325 Words   |  6 PagesI have been informed that you are pushing to remove the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley from the school curriculum. I’ve decided to write to you and explain why I believe that you are misinformed, and in fact, why this is a huge importance to the students of today. Frankenstein is a classic which recounts the life and horrors of Victor Frankenstein, as told through a series of letters and narrations. His obsession with the natural world and science brings him to a state of mind which ultimatelyRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1580 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley is a sci-fi novel written during the Romantic Movement in Britain’s early nineteenth century. The movement was stimulated by the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and in reaction against the emphasis on reason in eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophy (The Romantic Movement, 2014 ). Mary Shelley’s husband, Percy Shelley was also a romantic poet during the movement. Shelley’s novel is evidently influenced by her relationship with her husband, which is illustratedRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley739 Words   |  3 Pagesinterconnections of humanity, nature, and divinity (â€Å"Romanticism 1†). English Romanticism being trendy in Europe, people would vent their outlooks onto their personal fiction works such as Mary Shelley. Shelley uses vivid creativity and romantic elements to create one of her admired novels, Frankenstein. In Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, most of the characters prove their compassion for mankind, prove their rejection of technology and science, and prove their involvement in a romantic quest. These several characteristicsRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1040 Words   |  5 Pages In 1818, a book titled Frankenstein was published anonymously, mysteriously dedicated to William Godwin, a prominent journal ist and political philosopher of his time. The immediate reviews of the novel were mixed, most edging towards critical, although no one knew who the book was written by. However, while Frankenstein failed to gain popularity immediately, no one had any idea the lasting impact this novel would have on the world. Despite the lukewarm reception at its debut, it soon proved to beRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamental Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; however,Read MoreFrankenstein, By Mary She lley1532 Words   |  7 PagesLike any author, especially one who created a new genre, there will be criticism, and Shelley is no exception. Shelley received criticism surrounding Frankenstein not only because she was a female writer, but because of her writing style. Originally, Frankenstein was published anonymously and was thought that her husband, Percy Shelley, wrote it (â€Å"Mary Shelley Biography† 2016). Shelley may have published Frankenstein anonymously because â€Å"’women understood that they got a â€Å"better hearing† if it was thought

Mount Everest Disaster The PRINCE2 Perspective Free Essays

string(41) " in the Managing Stage Boundaries stage\." our site – FREE ESSAYS – DISSERTATION EXAMPLES Introduction The Mount Everest Disaster of 1996was one of the greatest expedition failures in the history of climbing. Young, Hailey, and Neame (2010) focused on the leadership failures of the expedition, and found that a situational analysis should have been carried out. However, there were multiple errors in planning and strategy that led to the death of eight people that could have been avoided. We will write a custom essay sample on Mount Everest Disaster: The PRINCE2 Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sullivan (2007) approaches the failures from the risk-assessment perspective, stating that judgements were not made based on the basis of risk assessment, and there were no calculations performed before the dangerous expedition started. The below review of the disaster will highlight additional issues: lack of flexibility, performance and quality monitoring, and the inability to focus on the objectives of the project. The author of the current review will argue that using PRINCE2 project management approaches would have improved the feasibility of the project, allowing the team to succeed, eliminate or minimise risks, and remain focused on the desired outcomes. 2. Situational Analysis According to Young et al. (2010: 1), â€Å"climbing teams pre-determine turnaround times to signal descent or abandon summit efforts†. However, these turnaround times were estimates, and did not take into consideration weather conditions, the training level of climbers, etc. There were no calculations made regarding to major risks, such as performance reduction due to the lower oxygen level at high altitudes, dehydration, lack of sleep, and – most importantly – reduced decision-making abilities of leaders (Young et al., 2010). Further risks were not assessed, such as the surprise snowstorm that occurred between 4 and 5 in the afternoon. There were other risk factors that could have been addressed before the trip, such as the problems with radio communication. For example, the leaders assumed that two people were dead, and abandoned them, however, they were alive. By the time they returned to rescue them, they could not be saved. Leadership errors are also noted by Sullivan (2007), who concludes that the two leading guides were unable to make decisions about turning back without Fisher, with whom they could not communicate with. If they took the clients back to camp on time, noting that the turnaround time has passed, they could have saved their lives. 3. Why and How the Expedition Failed According to Sullivan (2007), several people believe that the severe weather conditions caused the death of mountaineers on the Everest in 1996. He, however, notes that â€Å"the weather was a risk that should have been considered more carefully by both leaders† (Sullivan 2007: 38). Based on that statement, it is clear that no risk assessment was completed, and no real-time situation monitoring was implemented. The other reason why the project failed is the lack of clear role definition in the leadership team. There was already a rivalry between Hall and Fischer (Sullivan 2007), and it was not clear who was responsible for supervising the Sherpas, waiting for clients, providing medical emergency services, or even tying the ropes. This confusion about ropes resulted in a lack of action and delay. Delay – in a mountaineering world – means more oxygen used, and less time to turn around. Therefore, the lack of planning and clear roles was also responsible for the disaster. As Sullivan (2007: 42) puts it: â€Å"commercial high-altitude mountaineering must be recognized as an activity of risk, not one of risk-taking†. Analysing the bad decisions made by Hall and Fischer, Roberto (2002) introduces the idea of the â€Å"sunk cost effect†. He provides a clear definition for this effect as: â€Å"the tendency for people to escalate commitment to a course of action in which they have made substantial prior investments of time, money, or other resources†. This, translated to the world of climbers and commercial mountaineers means that they carry on, despite they know they are failing at the task, in other words: they are overcommitted, and make irrational decisions. This was the reason why they did not turn the climbers around, and let them carry on against the odds. Even though they had a â€Å"two o’ clock rule†, as a latest turnaround time, they did not communicate this clearly with the team. 4. How PRINCE2 Could Have Improved Project Management 4.1. Process Fundamentals There were several failures regarding the project fundamentals. In PRINCE2, these are described as starting up a project, directing a project, initiating the project, controlling stage, managing product delivery, managing stage boundaries, and closing a project. Each of these fundamentals can be applied to a project of climbing the Everest. In the starting up phase, the leaders should have clearly identified the objective of the project: completing the climb and getting all climbers back to the base safely. In the directing phase, they should have ensured that all infrastructure and resources were available, in good working condition, and accessible. In the project initiation stage, the leaders should have communicated the rules and objectives clearly with the climber and the Sherpas. They should have created a common understanding of the project (CIPFA 2012). The main failures, however, occurred on the controlling and product delivery stages. Resource commitments were not agreed, a nd this meant that some climbers had to attempt reaching the camp without enough oxygen. There was simply no project manager who could have controlled the activities and created a stage plan. If there were controlling stages introduced, for example times when teams would communicate and provide updates, it would have been noticed on time that there were serious problems that needed solving. In the controlling stage, tolerances are also agreed (Murray 2010). If PRINCE2 was applied to the project, the different participants could have agreed on the acceptable deviance from the turnaround time, and many of the problems and communication errors could have been prevented. Similarly, if the framework was used in the development of the project, the product (expedition quality and safety) delivery would have been more controlled and better managed in the Managing Product Delivery stage. Finally, it is important to note that in the Managing Stage Boundaries stage. You read "Mount Everest Disaster: The PRINCE2 Perspective" in category "Essay examples" According to CIPFA (2012), this is the stage where â€Å"at each stage end, the continuing viability of the project should be confirmed†. If stage boundaries were created by the leaders, â€Å"reality checks† could have been completed, and it would have been clear that there was no chance to get all the participants safely home without oxygen. Based on benchmarking and evaluation, the project could have been abandoned (turning back), or redirected, modified. In the closing stage, the leaders should have identified lessons learned. More importantly, however, they should have learned from experience before starting the project, as they had many expeditions behind them, already. Reflecting on past and potential problems could have improved the overall project’s outcome and design. 4.2. Theme Fundamentals Based on the theme fundamentals of PRINCE2, it is clear that the weakest aspect of project design was risk. Managing uncertainties, such as weather, the physical condition of participants, communication systems’ reliability could have helped avoid risks that led to the death of climbers. There was no clear understanding and consensus on quality attributes the project wanted to achieve, and the plans were clearly not matched to the needs of participants (Plans Theme Fundamental). It is also necessary to highlight the fact that there was no clearly defined plan on dealing with changes, such as weather conditions, lateness. All the conditions, such as slow pace, not meeting deadlines had a negative impact on the project’s baseline aspects (CIPFA 2012). Continuous assessment of the viability of plans should have been carried out, such as performance monitoring, and the escalation of intervention plans if the project does not go according to plans. This control is in place t o help the project manager determine whether or not the project should go on or be abandoned. 4.3. Further Considerations As the TSO (2009a) guidance states, the key features of PRINCE2 for project managers are the clear definition of roles, authorities, and processes. If this framework was applied to the Everest expedition, all participants would have known what was expected from them in order to help achieve the acceptable quality product (outcome) (TSO 2009b). Marsh (1996) further explains the benefits of PRINCE2 for complicated projects: according to the summary provided by the authors, this system allows the clear definition of the requirements related to the organization itself, users, project managers, the operation team, and other stakeholders. If Hall and Fischer determined what was the desired outcome of the expedition, and identified processes that were needed to achieve them, assigning each individual with tasks, an advanced business system could have been developed. They could have agreed on set time-scales and project boundaries. 4.4. Application of PRINCE2 Principles The Oracle (2011) White Paper further explains the main principles of PRINCE2, and they can all be applied to the case examined in this study. The first principle is continued business justification. This relates to regular reviews of the progress of the project, and decisions made whether or not it meets the needs of the organization. If this principle was applied in the Everest expedition of 1996, it would have been found that – because of the lack of oxygen, severe weather, and lack of adherence to timescales – carrying on with the trip was not serving the interest of the stakeholders, and would not result in the outcomes planned by the team. Learning from experience is another principle that would have helped the leaders prevent risks. It is evident from Sullivan’s (2007) account that the two experienced leaders have experienced problems previously. If these problems and potential risks of their recurrence were assessed before the expedition, plans could hav e been made to address the issues. For example, both Hall and Fischer have taken inexperienced climbers on the same route, and knew that the lack of planning would result in groups breaking up. Hall did know about the lack of reliable radio communication, and decided not to address the issue. There were no managed roles and responsibilities; another principle of PRINCE2. Sullivan (2007) writes that one of the guides, Anatoli Bourkeev did not act as a guide at all. He was hours ahead of clients. This clearly shows that responsibilities and roles were defined, he would have stayed with the clients and carried supplementary oxygen. Managing by stages was also not applied, as the leaders and guides were too focused on delivering the service clients paid for (Roberto, 2002). Even though another principle of the system is â€Å"Focus on Products†, it refers to fulfilling the product descriptions: in this case the product’s description would have been safe delivery of expedition, preserving the health and safety of participants, leaders, and Sherpas. However, several members fell ill, including Hall who had a previously developed chronic condition, and many people had to be rescued. Managing by exceptions was another principle that – followed – would have made the expedition safer and more successful. No alerts were made when problems occurred. As Roberto (2002: 145) writes: â€Å"The guides as well felt uncomfortable speaking up. Neil Beidleman, a guide on the Mountain Madness expedition, has indicated that he had serious reservations about people climbing well past midday. However, he did not feel comfortable telling Fischer and other team members that they should turn around†. In PRINCE2, risk registers are created (London South Bank University 2016), and they are accessed and updated by all participants. If this procedure was followed, the identified risk could have been dealt with appropriately: by management, rejection, elimination, or minimisation. Finally, PRINCE2 could have been tailored to the project environment, taking into consideration the challenges, the training level and health of participants, and the resources available. 5. Lessons Learned for Project Managers Several lessons can be learned from the Everest disaster of 1999. The main cause of the failure of leaders to keep participants, leaders, and Sherpas safe was the lack of clear quality measures, roles, and risk assessment. The project was not managed and monitored by stages, and communication was poor. The project owners did not ensure that all the resources needed for delivering a quality product (outcome) were in place (initiating a project). Based on the above assessment, it is clear that applying PRINCE2 principles, themes, and processes would have created better outcomes for the Everest expedition project. Bibliography CIPFA. 2012. PRINCE2 Quick Reference Guide. Ferguson, C. 2011. PRINCE2 for Small-scale Projects. Novare Consulting. London South Bank University. 2016. PRINCE2 Presentations and Lectures. Marsh, D., 1996. Project management and PRINCE. Health Informatics, 2(1), pp.21-27. Murray, A. 2010. White-paper: PRINCE2 AND Governance. Outperform. Document Number: 1042-01-01 Version Number: 1v0 Oracle. 2011. PeopleSoft Projects (ESA) Support for PRINCE2. An Oracle White Paper June 2011 Roberto, M.A., 2002. Lessons from Everest: The interaction of cognitive bias, psychological safety, and system complexity. California Management Review, 45(1), pp.136-158. Sullivan, P., Failure of Risk Management in the 1996 Everest Disaster. Discoveries. TSO. 2009a. Managing and Directing Successful Projects with PRINCE2. The Stationary Office. TSO. 2009b. The Executive Guide to Directing Projects: within a PRINCE2â„ ¢ and MSP ® Environment, TSO 2009 Young, S., Healey, K. and Neame, V., The Everest Disaster. How to cite Mount Everest Disaster: The PRINCE2 Perspective, Essay examples

Speech Sounds by Octavia Butler free essay sample

Science fiction is a genre of literature that utilizes fiction to engage the political realities of its time and as stated its visions where usually about war and conquest. However, science fiction started to change in the 1950s and 1960s with the rise of identity politics and feminism. Non-white female authors, like Butler, came into this genre and brought with them new topics and concerns with which to write about. The feminist lens would recognize these concerns having more to do with experiments in social justice than with planetary conquest directly. As more and more females started writing science fiction, a new subgenre of feminist science fiction emerged that dealt with issues that were of particular concern to equality. Feminist science fiction entails engaging questions about gender, family and the social structures, individual autonomy, and the individual’s ability to control her body and sexuality. Octavia Butler expertly encompasses each of these points in â€Å"Speech Sounds. † The loss of communication and human speech is the catalyst for the breakdown of the social structure and the resultant chaos in the world that Rye lives in. The illness was stroke swift in the way it cut people down and stroke-like in some of its effectslanguage was always lost or severely impaired† (Butler,96) In order to understand how the loss of speech could ravage a society to such an extent, it is necessary to know the importance of language to a culture. At the most basic of levels it could be argued language allows culture to exist. Human speech has become so ingrained in our world and this story questions how humans would cope without it, particularly how a woman would cope . Communication gives us a sense of camaraderie, and simultaneously develops the systems and illusion of individualism that separates us. Language has some unique effects like providing a shared past, a shared future, allowing a shared perspective, and allowing shared, goal-directed behavior or establishment of gender roles. Destruction of language in the story shifts humans from logical speech based interaction to animalistic and instinctually guided. These atavistic laws of nature are what cause the complete and utter breakdown of her culture. Rye herself despises the state of her world. She does not want to bring a child into it and believes that the children that were growing up now should be pitied, saying â€Å"they [the children] ran through the streets . . . like chimpanzees. They had no future. They were now all they would ever be† (Butler 101), the people of this ravaged society have no past or future, there is only an eternal, visceral present. Giving Rye the ability to speak is another way that Butler inserts feminism into â€Å"Speech Sounds. † As seen in most societies, language holds power. Those who are heard most often traditionally have the power. The ruling class is the group of people with the loudest voice, usually men. This can be seen all throughout history, especially in the United States. The people with the ability to vote, and to have their voice heard, were the upper class white men. African Americans and women were not given this option, this power. Rye also embodies this in the story. When she comes across the two abandoned children that have the ability to speak, she, as one of the few who can also use language, finds herself with more power than she ever thought she would have again. Rye must now become a teacher and a protector (Butler 380). Because she can speak, Rye has a responsibility to these children to teach them how to also use this skill. They now look to her as an authoritative figure. Had she been more impaired and mute, these children would have never viewed her as someone to listen to, to follow. Rye has become powerful in their eyes. Rye is aware of this power she now has when she declares that â⠂¬Å"if the illness let these children alone, she could keep them alive† (Butler 107). Rye is, in a sense, the pioneer of the coming world. She is teaching the uture leaders the language, how to speak, and the power that comes with it- and a new world can be constructed depending on the perspectives that our chosen on how language should be used, she comforts them â€Å"Rye leamed against the window, looking at them, seeing that they were less afraid nowâ€Å"I’m Valerie Rye,it’s all right for you to talk to me. †Ã¢â‚¬  (108) The speechless world she is now a part of forces Rye to become weary of her neighbors, especially the violent and brutish men who have been most impaired, and develop an assertive attitude toward her own protection. Being one of the more intelligent survivors and retaining the ability to speak, Rye must take care to not draw the contempt and jealousy of the more severely infected onto her. As a result, Rye never went anywhere unarmed, because â€Å"in a world where the only likely common language was body language, being armed was often enough† (Butler 94). protected and not in need of a savior, male or otherwise. Even with her fear, Rye refuses to take on a submissive role regarding her own life. This brings up an interesting point about how Butler uses fear in her writings as both a fact of human life and a motivation for human action† . Rye’s fear of the more disabled and what they would do to her if they found out she was different prompts her to always carry a weapon. Butler’s work recognizes that humans are primarily concerned with personal security. Rye’s personality is what motivates her into taking a proactive stance on her own protection, instead of leaving her protection in the hands of others. By always having a weapon on her, Rye can be assured that she is in charge of her own well being and does not need a savior, male or otherwise. This is the ultimate example the female dominance that Butler places in her stories. Butler’s feminism can be clearly seen in Rye’s reluctance to depend on other people for help or protection. When the illness struck there was a man with the habit â€Å"of urinating wherever he happened to be that wanted Rye to become his third woman; he already had two other women that put up with him just for the sake of his protection† (Butler, 96). Rye wanted nothing to do with this man and was disgusted by him. She uses him as an affirmation that she was making the right decision by leaving the bus behind. She was more concerned with staying independent, than relying on another, even when he could have given her a semblance of safety. Even when the bearded man beckoned her to join him Rye â€Å"Shook her head in a universally understood negative. † (94) Versus jumping at the opportunity to be â€Å"saved†. She has come to rely only on herself since the illness struck that trusting an unknown, albeit handsome man is difficult for her. A key theme in Octavia Butler’s writing is the ability to adapt to change while simultaneously living to avoid such change. This thought can be seen in Rye’s uncertainty about whether to accept Obsidian’s offer of a ride or continue on her independent way. Many believe that feminism can be equated to self reliance. Feminism is the view that biology is not destiny and that men and women should be politically, economically, and socially equal . Rye has effectively embodied feminism through her acts of independence. She sees herself as being equal in all aspects of the men in her society. Rye does not give her more dominant actions a second thought. Butler also uses a female protagonist to fight against gender stratification in the story. Gender stratification is where humans assign males and females to separate groups where they learn what is expected of them and are â€Å"given different access to property, power, prestige, and other privileges available in their society† (Woolf 232). By having a female that is self reliant, assertive, and empowered, Butler combats this notion. The stratification of gender can be seen when the male passenger on the bus believes that Rye is having sex with Obsidian in exchange for the ride and that she should also accommodate him and the rest of the males on the bus (Butler 374). This type of attitude is often seen when men think that they have a right over women. Women are commonly seen as objects or perhaps of less importance. However, this concept is undone by Rye throughout the story. There are many instances in the story where Rye completely disregards this stratification. She was willing to shoot the man on the bus if he came any closer â€Å"They would also stand and watch her shoot him, would he push things that far? † (95), she is the one that instigates sex between her and Obsidian â€Å" She turned suddenly, fumbling for his small box, then urging him to make love to her again. (101), and she point blank shoots the man that murdered Obsidian â€Å" Rye shot the wounded man as he was turning the gun on her† (104). The expected passiveness of women in this society is obviously lost on Rye. She does not care about what is expected of her, or the limited amount of power and prestige that she supposedly holds. Rye effectively destroys all conservative thoughts on what it is to be a female protagonist. The situations that Rye face and her choices that result from them exemplify her as a dominant female. Rye’s dominance shows that she is not concerned with the norms that are expected with the stratification of gender. Instead, she does what it is that needs to be done. â€Å"Speech Sounds† is a prime example of how Octavia Butler is taking the genre of science fiction and turning it on its’ head. Not only is she a non white female author, she manages to integrate feminist views into a previously male dominated domain. Rye becomes a dominate force in a society that has been ravaged by the loss of speech and the subsequent breakdown of social order, and sheds light on new pathways towards the ability of language to construct any world it wants to .

Awareness Helps in the Early Diagnosis of Bronchitis essays

Awareness Helps in the Early Diagnosis of Bronchitis essays Awareness Helps In Early Diagnosis of Bronchitis Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi. The bronchi are the small openings in the bronchial that become swollen making the opening to the lungs smaller. Since the bronchi tree has a smaller opening, less air enters the lungs making it difficult to breath. It may develop suddenly, following a head cold, or it may persist or return regularly for many years, causing progressive degeneration of the bronchi and lungs. Certain people are more susceptible than others; men are more of a target to bronchitis than women, the reasons are unclear for this statistic. Considering the importance of breathing, you should be aware of the causes, the symptoms and the treatment of this condition to help you with early diagnosis of the problem. First, becoming familiar with the causes of bronchitis may help you to avoid the problem at all. The causes of bronchitis are from viral or bacterial infections, which spread to the chest. A sinus flare-up that turns into a severe sinus infection will easily spread to the chest causing bronchitis. A common cold, not treated, will eventually spread to the chest also causing a case of bronchitis. Of course, catching your cold and sinus problems early will help to prevent the spread of the infection, but seeking the aid of a physician will help more. Second, after realizing the causes of this condition, you should become familiar with the symptoms. In acute bronchitis, the basic symptoms are a head cold, fever and chills, running nose, aching muscles and possibly back pains. At first, you will think you have a little cold until the fever and chills and runny nose starts. You will begin to notice all the achy muscles in your body that comes along with most fevers. The cough is dry and racking and eventually becomes phlegmy. The persistent cough is worse at night than during the day. Also, smoke and fumes you breath in will cause persist ...

Friendship and the theories of Friendship.

Friendship and the theories of Friendship. Friendship is defined by Philip Zimbardo as a relationship between people characterized by intimacy but not by passion and commitment. Zimbardo uses his reward theory to show us how people get attracted to each other, being it friendship or a relationship. The idea revealed in the reward theory is that attraction is a form of social learning based on social costs and benefits and hence we like those who give us maximum rewards at minimum costs. Zimbardo also introduces concepts like proximity, similarity, self disclosure, and physical attractiveness as factors that determine our relationships.English: Picture taken during the XXIX Internacion...The principle of proximity says that we are more likely to be friends with people that are closer to us than those that are further away. However, this may not be necessarily true since the nearer somebody is to us the higher the possibility of an argument. The other principle introduced by Zimbardo is the Similarity principle. This principle is the notion that people are attracted to those who are most similar to themselves. This concept may be observed among college students, however, this notion of similarity may not be universal since many cultures now encourage interactions between people with dissimilar beliefs. Another principle is Self disclosure. This perception dictates that good friends and lovers share intimate details about themselves. This principle is true since people are more likely to disclose their secrets to their best friend. However this is changing because of the issues of trust and betrayal. Now people choose to tell their secrets to people they meet online since they are less likely to betraythem.The last is the notion of physical attractiveness. This idea denotes that most people are repelled by the idea that they might make judgments based only on looks. The book says that college students when asked what...

Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Marketing - Case Study Example As a result, Dunkin Donut targets a mass market when compared to Starbucks. As already discussed above that the market has been revolutionized and there is more competition and larger consumer turnout. This increase will further encourage other firms to enter the market and in the next 3-5 market is going to mature by having the maximum number of competitors and consumers. Dunkin can try to use policies such informative advertising to discourage consumers from buying other brands. This would not only ensure that customers do not desert the company at the competitor’s expense but, it will also protect the Dunkin’s dominant position in the market. Dunkin’ Donuts may have been founded 50 years ago, but the philosophy it adopted could very well match any modern company. The company aims to produce high quality products at a very affordable price. They increase the value of their brand by selling only ‘fresh products’ to the consumers. For example, Dunkin’ Donuts has policy that they will throw away any coffee left in the kettle after 18 minutes and serve only fresh coffee to the consumers. This gives a great value to its products as people know that whatever they are buying from the place is not harmful from

Human Resources- Compensation and Benefits Essay

Human Resources- Compensation and Benefits - Essay Example An analysis of the types of non-financial rewards that could be introduced and how this may affect retention. An analysis of the view on bonus arrangements and any recommendations in terms of required changes. Detailed recommendations to the issues raised will be given to the Director of Reward at the end of the report. 1.1 The organisation’s current reward strategy MI currently uses the extrinsic rewards strategy to compensate its employees for the contribution they make towards its viability. Basically, extrinsic rewards include direct compensation, indirect compensation as well as non financial rewards (Robbins, 1993). Direct compensation in this case includes a basic wage salary, bonuses based on performance as well as profit sharing. Apart from the high basic salaries being earned by the traders in this particular case of MI, the bank also calculate their rewards on overall profitability of the trading operation and this entails that they get anything between 30 and 50 % of what they have earned in profit for the Bank. Performance bonuses significantly contribute to the package earned by the dealers and these motivate them to put optimum performance in their operations. It can also be noted that all dealers currently attract a package of benefits including a company car, healthcare and pension contributions. Grobbler (1998) suggests that these can be awarded to the employees on the basis of their performance. The traders are treated as the most valued assets to the bank as they may leave if they are not satisfied with the reward system for their performance. As such, their rewards are designed in such a way that they will appeal to their interests which in turn can lead to their retention in the organisation. It can be observed that the major strategy used by the bank to offer rewards is based on overall profitability of the bonds that have been sold. The traders are entitled to get a certain percentage of the profit as their bonus. However, the ext ernal environment plays a significant role in shaping this strategy. The strategy is influenced by gathering and analysing competitor information so as to come up with the best reward strategy. In this case, MI tries to remain on top of other organisations hence it seeks to differentiate its rewards strategy from other competitors. The organisation is compelled to offer the best reward on the basis of the situation obtaining in the environment. The level of performance of the economy also shapes this strategy since bonuses are calculated on the basis of overall profitability of the trading operation. In the event that the bonds sold have poorly performed, this entails that their rewards will be lower which shows that the external environment has a bearing on the strategy of rewards. Though there is no direct government intervention in the operations of banks with regards to their reward systems, it can be noted that more financial institutions are becoming wary of not rewarding undu e risk taking. For instance, the recent Turner report contributes to the mounting pressure for financial organisations to review their bonus systems in order to protect the interests of the shareholders. These are some of the external factors that shape the rewarding strategy by MI. 2.0 What motivates the dealing team? Since the dealing team has a very little loyalty to the

Homework for Marshall Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework for Marshall - Coursework Example The Marshall plan was aimed at appealing to America to generously lend a hand to Europe after the war (Marshall par. 7). The plan aimed at helping all humanity and not just a few as before, as Marshall would put it, the American policy was not against any nation or creed but against hunger, poverty, and chaos. The plan was meant to promote security to all humanity and not just what interested America. It was to see that Europe was rebuilt and the hate and resentment that came up during world war was not revived. The plan also showed what values the Americans had. As opposed to fear and anger that could have risen after the war, the people choose to be generous. The plan exhibited flexibility as it was not aimed towards a particular race, but to all mankind affected by the war (Marshall par. 9). Before the war, American policy was selective in that whatever happened to other countries was their own business. As long as there was no direct threat to America, there would be no involvement. After the war, America realized that lack of peace elsewhere would at one time reach within its territory.This plan helped America realize that there was need to use power and prestige to protect and help its friends at time of need. This plan helped America transform from individualists to

Leo Kanners Theories of Autism: A History

Leo Kanners Theories of Autism: A History Fascination Peculiarities Nourotribes, neurodiversity, siberman, autism Asperger survived the war, but his concept of autism as a broad spectrum that was not at all rare was buried with the ashes of his clinic. A very different conception of autism, invented by the Baltimore child psychiatrist Leo Kanner took its place. Kanner published his paper Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact in 1943, one year before Asperger published his thesis in German. Yet for half a century, Kanner was considered the lone pioneer in the field, and autism was referred to as Kanners syndrome. Some people believed Aspergers model was lost in obscurity because clinicians were not eager to read papers translated from the German after the horrible things committed by the Nazis. Kanner was a native German speaker, and his was familiar with nearly every other paper written in the emerging field of child psychiatry during that era. But he remained silent about Aspergers work. His sin of omission had grave consequences for autistic people and their families. And the one clinician in American who knew the real story wasnt apt to say anything about it in public because he owed Kanner his life. *** Leo Kanner was born in Ukrain (then part of Austria) near the Russian border in 1896. His father taught him Hebrew when he was five. By the time he enrolled at the University of Berlin in 1913, he had mastered German, Polish, French, Latin, and Greek, though he still spoke no English. Ignore his grandfathers advice to become a rabbi, he set out to study medicine. But when World War I started in the summer of 1914, he was drafted into the army to serve in the medical corps. He resumed his studies after the war, majoring in cardiology. After earning his degree, he became a general practitioner in Berlin. In 1924, an American doctor persuaded him to immigrate to the United States to work as a psychiatrist in the Yankton State Hospital in South Dakota. The Yankton State Hospital was surrounded by over fifteen hundred acres of farmland, which was used to raise pigs, corn, and dairy cattle to feed the patients. He was dismayed to find out that only one of his new colleagues his supervisor, George Adams had any formal training in psychiatry. Kanner observed that the most astute clinical observer on staff was a disabled volunteer in the Stone Room who treated the patients respectfully as individuals. This man would spend hours just listening as they related stories about growing up and their hopes and aspirations before they were declared insane. Though he was not one of the resident experts, he had a decisive effect on Kanners approach to psychiatry. Instead of grilling the residents of Yankton with inane questionnaires, he probed into his patients family backgrounds to seek the deep roots of their illnesses. On the first Christmas Eve at the hospital, Kanner proposed that patients who were not violent should be liberated from their straitjackets and other forms of restraint. This humane experiment was a success, and the patients could move about more freely from then on. After reading a paper about the therapeutic value of art, he distributed paints, crayons, pencils, and paper throughout the hospital and set up a gallery in the building to feature rotating exhibits of patients work. A group of Mennonite schizophrenics christened Kanner the doctor from Germany. In 1925, Kanner published a psychiatric study of Henrik Ibsens Peer Gynt in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. In 1926, Kanner and Adams published a paper in the American Journal of Psychiatry based on their study of Thomas Robertson, a Native Indian with paresis. Paresis is a form of dementia caused by untreated syphilis infection. In the paper, Kanner mentioned that paresis was so rare among Native American that demanded explanation. By probing into Robertsons family background, Kanner discovered that he was not full-blooded Sioux; in fact, his father was a Scotsman. He boldly proposed that syphilis was well established in the Americas that full-blooded Native Americans are immune to the most debilitating aspects of the disease. Robertson had inherited his unusual susceptibility to paresis from his father, who was a Scotsman, while his full-blooded brothers and sisters were left unscathed. The paper claimed Robertsons status as a dominant figure among the Indians was li kely a result of his infusion of Anglo-Saxon blood. Was the case of Thomas Robertson as exceptional as Kanner claimed? Historical sources suggest that Kanner was stretching the truth. At a symposium on syphilis in 1902, the superintendent of the Binghamton State Hospital noted a remarkable preponderance of paresis in his native patients. Yet the paper succeeded in putting him on the map of American psychiatry. He was able to obtain his medical license merely by filing out a questionnaire from the state. In 1928, Kanner and family moved to Baltimore as Kanner began his fellowship at Johns Hopkins under the directorship of the Swiss neurologist Adolf Meyer. In 1930, Meyer appointed Kanner to head up a new child-behavior clinic that would act as a bridge between pediatrics and psychiatry at Johns Hopkins. With Meyers encouragement, Kanner embarked on his most ambitious project: writing the first textbook of child psychiatry, creating creating a new field of medicine by drawing on elements of other disciplines. The first edition of Child Psychiatry, published in 1935, was hailed as a remarkable achievement and became a runaway best seller. In 1937, Kanner made headlines by exposing a major scandal in Baltimore. Acting on a tip from the superintendent of Rosewood State Training School, he discovered that a local lawyer had been making a fortune by offering the schools feebleminded female residents as cheap domestic help to wealthy families. The Rosewood affair established Kanner in the public mind as a voice for the voiceless. But his failure to name those responsible rendered unclear whom exactly he was protecting. He maintained support for sterilization of those unfit to raise children for years, though he opposed euthanasia in a public debate. *** By the fall of 1937, as the exodus of Jews was under way, the Kanners rose to this historic challenge and acted as an unofficial immigration agency for Jewish doctors, nurses, and researchers, providing them with the documentation they needed to get visas while helping them to find jobs. The Kanners rescued nearly two hundred colleagues from the Nazis. They graciously opened their home in Baltimore to assist à ©migrà ©s adapting to live in the new culture. *** In September 1938, Kanner saw a five-year-old boy named Donald Tripplett with symptoms he had never seen before. The boys parents, Beaman and Mary Triplett, were a bright and successful couple in Forest, Mississippi. The parents, on the recommendation of their family physician, committed Donald to a state institution in 1937.   After a year, Mary and Beaman took Donald home. The family pediatrician referred the Tripletts to Kanner. At first, Kanner didnt know what to make of Donalds behavior. Only a handful of clinicians could have made sense of Donalds condition, and most of them were working in Vienna at the Heilpà ¤dagogik Station. One of them, Aspergers former diagnostician Georg Frankl, had just been brought over from Austria by Kanner to become the full-time psychiatrist-pediatrician. In fact, upon arriving in New York City in November 1937, Frankl reunited with Anni Weiss, the young psychologist who wrote the case history of Gottfried. The couple got married two weeks later. The following April, they joined Kanners inner circle at Johns Hopkins. Over the course of two weeks in October 1938, Frankl and a psychiatrist named Eugenia Cameron worked up a detailed portrait of Donalds behavior. Kanner was struck by Mary and Beamans recollections that their son had never responded to people in the usual ways, even as an infant. This suggested that Donalds condition was innate and inborn rather than a response to some kind of psychological trauma inflicted by his environment. He recognized the outline of a breakthrough in his field: the discovery of the first form of major psychosis endemic to infancy. Kanner published his paper, Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact, in the June issue of The Nervous Child. In the paper, he interwove Frankls and Camerons meticulous observations, excerpts from parents diaries and letters, and his own reflections on his patients behavior. He felt it was premature at that point to propose a set of criteria for diagnosing the condition he described. To make the pattern visible to his peers, he proposed two essential common characteristics shared by all children with this syndrome. The first was a will to self-isolation, present from birth. The second was a fear of change and surprise. He did not give the syndrome a name in the paper. It was only in 1944 when Kanner produced a condensed version of his paper for Pediatrics did he called his syndrome: early infantile autism. Kanners view of autism diverged from the model that Asperger and his colleagues developed in Vienna. Because Kanner focused exclusively on the first years of childhood, adults and teenagers were out of the picture. Instead of presenting his syndrome as a broad spectrum with varying manifestations, Kanner framed his patients as a strictly defined and monolithic group.

Finding True Freedom in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay -- Chopin A

Finding True Freedom in The Awakening   Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening details the endeavors of heroine Edna Pontellier to cope with the realization that she is not, nor can she ever be, the woman she wants to be. Edna has settled for less. She is married for all the wrong reasons, saddled with the burden of motherhood, and trapped by social roles that would never release her. The passage below is only one of the many tender and exquisitely sensory passages that reveal Edna’s soul to the reader. "The voice of the sea is seductive; never ceasing, whispering, dancing, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude; to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation. The voice of the sea speaks to the soul. The touch of the sea is sensuous, enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace."(32) When Edna's one chance for change; her only hope, Robert, deserts her, she realizes that her dreams are unachievable.   It is this grim acceptance that steals our heroine's last shard of optimism from her. Edna Pontellier's suicide is completely believable, justifiable, and understandable. This world was too cruel for her tender spirit; this life too stifling for her to bear. None of this surprises me. How many women (or men, for that matter) go through life with their eyes closed? How many find it easier to simply shut out the ugliness and horror that surrounds them? Finally seeing the loathsome existence they are a part of can simply be "too much" for many to sustain. Utter despair and hopelessness soon devour that fragile soul, with frailty too great for this existence. Mr. Pontellier's thoughts reveal much about Edna's nature to us, and perhaps most of her mistakes as well. He feels that "his wife... ... The social roles she was trying to break away from would never really have released her. "Leonce and the children†¦were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body and soul" (137). I find myself wishing that she had never opened her eyes; that she could have lived out her days blissfully ignorant of the circumstances which bound her. This being impossible, even more than the idea of a life of her own, Edna chose the only possible option to escape from an existence full of unfulfilled desires and unhappiness. Edna re-enters the sea; scene of her first taste of power and emancipation. She returns because it offers her the only other possible freedom she is allowed; the freedom of death. It is not an act of weakness, or romanticism†¦it is that of a woman claiming her liberty, her strength†¦and her self†¦one last time.    Finding True Freedom in Kate Chopin's The Awakening Essay -- Chopin A Finding True Freedom in The Awakening   Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening details the endeavors of heroine Edna Pontellier to cope with the realization that she is not, nor can she ever be, the woman she wants to be. Edna has settled for less. She is married for all the wrong reasons, saddled with the burden of motherhood, and trapped by social roles that would never release her. The passage below is only one of the many tender and exquisitely sensory passages that reveal Edna’s soul to the reader. "The voice of the sea is seductive; never ceasing, whispering, dancing, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude; to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation. The voice of the sea speaks to the soul. The touch of the sea is sensuous, enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace."(32) When Edna's one chance for change; her only hope, Robert, deserts her, she realizes that her dreams are unachievable.   It is this grim acceptance that steals our heroine's last shard of optimism from her. Edna Pontellier's suicide is completely believable, justifiable, and understandable. This world was too cruel for her tender spirit; this life too stifling for her to bear. None of this surprises me. How many women (or men, for that matter) go through life with their eyes closed? How many find it easier to simply shut out the ugliness and horror that surrounds them? Finally seeing the loathsome existence they are a part of can simply be "too much" for many to sustain. Utter despair and hopelessness soon devour that fragile soul, with frailty too great for this existence. Mr. Pontellier's thoughts reveal much about Edna's nature to us, and perhaps most of her mistakes as well. He feels that "his wife... ... The social roles she was trying to break away from would never really have released her. "Leonce and the children†¦were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body and soul" (137). I find myself wishing that she had never opened her eyes; that she could have lived out her days blissfully ignorant of the circumstances which bound her. This being impossible, even more than the idea of a life of her own, Edna chose the only possible option to escape from an existence full of unfulfilled desires and unhappiness. Edna re-enters the sea; scene of her first taste of power and emancipation. She returns because it offers her the only other possible freedom she is allowed; the freedom of death. It is not an act of weakness, or romanticism†¦it is that of a woman claiming her liberty, her strength†¦and her self†¦one last time.